The feed needs to contain a Packages.gz file (which is a gzip'ed copy of a Packages file) that describes the available packages.
You can see a sample at http://download.ni.com/#ni-linux-rt/feeds/2022Q4/x64/main/x64/
You can use NI Package Manager to generate this for you! Put all your *.ipk files in a folder on Windows, then use Command Prompt/PowerShell to cd into that folder and call:
"C:\Program Files\National Instruments\NI Package Manager\nipkg.exe" feed-create .
I don't think you can just use a local folder as a feed -- AFAIK, opkg can only retrieve feeds from a web server: https://readthedocs.web.cern.ch/display/MTA/[NILRT]+How+to+create+a+local+feed+for+Linux+RT
Here are my brief notes on how to install an *.ipk on a Linux RT system: https://jksh.github.io/LQ-Bindings/setup-nilrt.html (this page shows 3 ways: Adding a feed using NI MAX, adding a feed via an SSH console, or installing the *.ipk directly without a feed)
Not if your package contains compiled code. Each package's control file (and their corresponding entry in the Packages file) must specify the supported Architecture (e.g. "x64"). opkg/NI MAX/SystemLink will only show the packages that are compatible with your device architecture.
If the package is architecture-independent (e.g. if it installs TLS certificates or documentation), then you can specify "any" as the Architecture.