Smithd, you are my new Hero! Your insights were right on!
As expected, debugging the EXE did not work because it was broken right from the start. The connection was occuring though but the exe only showed a broken arrow (That is usually hidden when my application runs normally) and nothing happened if I clicked on it. But still I was having a disconnection warning when closing the broken EXE...
The solution came with your second suggestion. Adding a checkmark to "Disconnect type definitions" from the Additional Exclusions tab fixed the build. It makes sense to me because I remember I accidently saved a typedef double during my most recent modifications. I thought I had corrected myself and deleted the double from the disk and from the project but obviously something slipped through my fngers.
I spent the rest of my day learning about Git, GitHub and SourceTree. I will probably stick to Subversion though. It's well overdue that I finally implement a source control solution in here!
Problem solved. Thanks again!!