Using things like the dynamic data type, and express VIs is going to be your down fall. These functions work fine for the majority of the use cases, but having more low level control gives you the features you'll want. In this case I see a couple of issues where you are trying to provide an array of delta times where this should be a scalar value stating the amount of time between samples. This information needs to be recorded in the TDMS file and using the TDMS write primitives do this. That is why the time scale on your graph above is samples since the delta time between samples wasn't recorded, likely because the Write to Measurement File didn't know that meta data was there, since it is write a dynamic data type.
Attached is an example of writing and reading a waveform with TDMS.
Write Read TDMS Waveform.vi